Background

The various industrial activities have transformed our environment without scruple, and today we live a great ecological crisis, but do not want to be part of a disaster caused by the devastation of nature would be one of the great tragedies of history. Saving nature must be part of politicians, scientists, artists and everyone in general. Actions that will lead to a confrontation between industrialized and poor nations of the Third World.

Objectives and goals

•    Know how to be paid the external debt of Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela with oxygen from the Amazon Basin.

•    Report on the protection of the environment to continue living in the world.

Justification and transcendent the investigation work

Industrialized countries know the great benefit that we are providing and the debt of poor countries, the poor development, raw materials prices under increasing cyclical exploitation of natural resources indiscriminately, we do seek solutions for our population emerging, which is thrown into the ordeal of colonization. It is the interest of rich and poor exercise environmental protection practices while rich countries should act in this regard without your words and actions are ambiguous.

We have observed and analyzed our economic and social situation and we can conclude that our economies are zero sum game and cyclical economies, which has not allowed us to advance, create and develop and worse to solve our internal problems and its effects on regional poverty longed and prosperity for our peoples.

Statement of the problem

Population growth is a necessary increase in demand for goods and services according to their margins, and therefore this growth has led to climate change, species extinction and national issues, regional and global environmental issues. In 1987, each person got more than 1.25 tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and developed countries by 2000 emissions produced in the following volumes: 607 MM tons Europe, Asia, 1455 MM tons; USA, 1578 MM tons.

Formulation of hypotheses

The external debt of the countries of the Amazon Basin will be paid in a few years with the sale of oxygen, which today is considered as raw material.

Development of the summary

Our call to conserve the Amazon is now a global solidarity and cooperation, a general effort to allow us to better development, based on human solidarity and justice to reach real peace, we want a frank and open dialogue that we mobilize a willingness to be arranged on each of the inhabitants of the countries that form the Amazon Basin to the world, it is not easy, it's a hard task but we have to start it in this century with valid solutions to our development.

The celebration of the Earth Summit, the last great gathering of more than 100 Heads of State, 1200 experts meeting in Brazil has had multiple effects, some positive some negative without a final solution of funding for environmental protection has arrived. The good news is international recognition that the basic problem exists, persists and becomes more painful every day, but we provide solutions.
The three problems facing the world today are: nuclear war, poverty of developing countries and environmental destruction.
Hopefully, the understanding of the rich countries and should be smart enough to help the poor from time to time, because this is how they will become richer still international cooperation in the form of aid is more than the helping the poor in rich countries to rich and poor countries.

We are the producers of 70 and 80% of the oxygen in the world, receiving heat and noise of the world, oxygen is increasingly scarce, the price should be limited, therefore we must pay to continue production and we are producers, our external debt should be paid with the price of our product, oxygen. Whose collections were made through a Central Bank or South American Amazon and will be invested in the prevention of environment, planting trees produce more oxygen and directed colonization and science that allows us to keep life as the prosperity can not be compared to the price of hunger of the needy.

Awareness to prevent hazardous materials, pollutants and to achieve understandings in the use of pollutants.
The industry should cooperate voluntarily in this work using clean technology and benign.
The adoption of international codes to prevent and limit pollution, giving corrective and measuring results of the points made.
The creation of specialized institutions to reach agreement on this matter that will care for and protect the implementation of environmental objectives.

Payment of External Debt of the countries of the Amazon Basin would be: Bolivia, 16 months and 8 days, Brazil, 12 months and 23 days, Colombia, 9 months and 27 days, Ecuador, 1 month and 26 days, Guyana, 1 month and 8 days, Peru, 1 month and 12 days, Venezuela, 1 month and 4 days.

Potential beneficiaries

Potential beneficiaries will be the planet and its inhabitants, since the payment of the external debt of the countries comprising the Amazon Basin, they grow and develop, plus the environment will be protected in this way to ensure future global ecological , to continue living in the only place in our solar system.

Introduction

Our country as part of Planet Earth, consists of a variety of living creatures, which man is the main center and essential component. So surely all issues involving these aspects deserve our utmost attention and concern.

The various activities have transformed our environment without scruple, and today we live in a great crisis, but do not want to be part of a disaster caused by the devastation of nature would be one of the great tragedies of history.

"Man is civilized or savage, is a creature of nature (not the master of nature). Must frame their actions within certain laws if they want to maintain their dominance over the environment. "

When it comes to evade the laws of nature, usually destroys the natural environment that sustains him. And when that environment in which he lives is deteriorating rapidly declining civilization.

The environmental problem is very old, but we must understand that human growth has been quite large, especially in the decades from 1940 to 1960 and that space has been declining, the battle today is the recovery of the land, that in the future will not have darkness during the day and night.

Saving nature must be part of politicians, scientists, artists and everyone in general. Actions that will lead to a confrontation between industrialized and poor nations of the Third World.

Technical Description of Work

The Amazon Basin

The Amazon basin, considered the lungs of the world, consists of Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela.

It is easy to imagine the destruction of the Amazon basin, its rivers and forests cover more than seven million square kilometers, three million square kilometers of high forests reach a height of 63 meters from the Andes to the Atlantic Ocean, more than thousand tributaries feed the great river of the Amazon, discovered by Ecuadorians, six thousand four hundred thirty-six meandering miles per hour delivering the Atlantic more than four million barrels per second of water and 1690 miles along the river can not see from one shore to another.

COUNTRIES PARTICIPATING IN THE AMAZON BASIN:

Importance of the Amazon Basin for Science

Our forest is an open laboratory for scientists and scholars from other disciplines of human knowledge, to be lavish, dense, and for biologists when trying to describe life forms. It is a United Nations report of 1982, said that an area of four square miles could contain 750 species of trees, 125 species of mammals, 400 types of birds, 100 kinds of reptiles, 60 kinds of amphibians, plus each species tree can contain more than 400 species of insects. Featuring the beautiful lilies, butterflies, eight inches is their wings and a variety of fish that can reach 213 centimeters in length. While continuously floods the seeds are being distributed along the rivers.

For agronomists this basin could provide a food source. The search for chemical activity with magical properties for agriculture would replace the current use of synthetic pesticides by these natural chemicals.
The natural plant medicine to get new treatments such as hypertension, some forms of cancer and diseases to be discovered.
For mining and energy have Hydrocarbon deposits of oil, gas, minerals such as bauxite, copper, iron, gold, nickel and silver.
Her beauty and beautiful scenery with its flora, fauna and ancient forest are suitable for television specials that marvel of the world.

Many hydroelectric projects are part of our heritage and today we are thoroughly enjoying both Hydrocarbon energy savings has been replaced, preventing environmental pollution part they produce.
As such our Amazon basin to be studied and developed deep would solve many problems of mankind.

Recycling happens in these forests is provided by them for its heavy rainfall, evaporation, cloud processing in the death of their animals, and plant organic decomposition provide nutrients to the soil and grow rapidly and new growth appears, there to consider that once the vegetation destroyed by man, these soils become barren and would not be able to endure even weeds.

We know it is very important to keep our forests or to emphasize the cultivation of certain fruit trees would yield more cattle raising, timber industry and traditional crops.

All these ambitious programs should be considered, recognizing that we must not destroy the rain forest to deforest indiscriminately, as the effects of a continuous dry season would have perpetual heat, aridity causing the death of trees, animals and vegetation, we must know the degradation causes and effects of industrial waste over the oceans, seas, lakes and swamps.
Some socio-economic indicators of the countries of the Amazon Basin

POPULATION THE COUNTRIES OF THE AMAZON BASIN.

Effects of hydrocarbon activities

The nature and the basic activity of our hydrocarbon resources and mining are clearly identified with our economy, price changes, supply disruptions and shortages of energy between producing and consuming countries leads us to solve future problems. This leads us to find solutions valid actions and that any statement on oil and mining has implications for historical, social, economic and political, hence the need to find a great strategy for our people and our environment.

The world has grown haphazardly and at a rate so high that it can profoundly change the very system that keeps Earth. The human pressure on natural limits of population, technology has exponentially increased the number of people in the last two centuries. This impact makes us wonder how long the biosphere will support this growth without disastrous damage.

Oil pollution

The transport and use of hydrocarbons is a major source of environmental pollution, in particular, has great impacts on the marine environment.
The discharge of oil and other substances related to the process causing the pollution of coastal and ocean with implications on marine life and biodiversity.
Oil pollution in its extraction and treatment is related very directly to the emission into the air and water polluting substances such as CH4 (methane) or CO2 (carbon dioxide) that affect climate change as dangerous to human health such as PAHs (poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), benzene, organochlorine compounds and various heavy metals.

What are the most polluting practices in the oil industry?

Greenpeace starred in 2003 action against the station floating "Vemamagna" a monohull vessel operating in Gibraltar waters in the Bay of Algeciras.

Sea transport

Among the main sources of oil pollution is shipping. The transfer of materials is a major source of oil pollution of the oceans. In fact, the group of experts on scientific aspects of marine environmental protection of United Nations (GESAMP) estimates that since the ships produce 37% of the pollution of this type, which is estimated at 457,000 tons annual averages.

Marine pollution by oil from ships occurs in different ways. On the one hand, there are large spills due to accidents of ships carrying fuel.
This is the case of the Prestige, which caused the spill of more than 60,000 tons of heavy fuel oil and large oil spill that killed more than 2890 km of coastline affected, hundreds of thousands of oiled birds and health conditions that still remain.

But pollution episodes are not due to accidents. Another source of great concern is the small but continuous discharges that occur from the ships on all leaks, illegal dumping or routine operations such as cleaning bilge, which occur at sea.

Bunkering / refueling at sea

The bunkering is the practice of transferring fuel from one vessel to another. A very risky move because it causes ocean oil spills often. Usually done with small barges that carry less than two thousand tons. However, Gibraltar is done even with vessels or "floating stations", which carry 80,000 to 100,000 tons being something that is not allowed anywhere else in the EU. Three are "floating stations" operating in Gibraltar. Only one of them has a double hull (as required by EU legislation), Europe will supply Bunker Gibraltar. Neither the European Venture, Bunker also Gibraltar, or the Baltic Vema of Vemaoil could enter any Community port.

Refineries

The oil refineries also contribute significantly to environmental pollution. Specifically, according to GESAMP, the contribution of marine pollution by hydrocarbons is generated by almost 20% of coastal plants such as refineries.

According to the Register of Emissions and Pollutant Sources, oil refineries emit into the atmosphere (without accounting for greenhouse gas) annually 27,142 tons of pollutants discharged directly into the water and 9850 tons of hazardous substances.

Oil rig

The offshore oil exploitation is another important source of oil pollution. Surveys are also relevant when it comes to pollution. They consist of two phases. The first determines the physical characteristics of the seabed and establish the degree of probability of finding oil.

This acoustic wave are emitted by a high pressure gun with a sound level of 215-230 decibels (the threshold of pain in humans by noise is 120 decibels) and mud sludge generated by the seismic impact of the waves and the possible release of subsurface contaminants such as arsenic, lead and benzene. Similarly there are changes in wildlife behavior to reduce catches of fish.

In the second phase comes to drilling for sampling. These perforations are a common cause of pollution incidents and oil remains just on the beaches.

What are the effects of oil pollution?

Ave oiled as a result of the Prestige accident

Oil pollution is mainly marine, due to traffic of ships and refineries are usually located on the coast.

When a spill occurs, the first effect that is detected is listed birds "oiled". Birds, by covering their plumage with oils and hydrocarbons, and lose insulating protective capacity which in most cases die of hypothermia. Birds that have been in contact with oil may also lose their buoyancy and their flight.
The lack of light caused by the fuel oil film reduces the oxygen supply to the marine ecosystem. In addition, these stains pollute or kill the plankton, consisting of many small organisms that live near the surface and form the basis of the entire food chain.

Although the impact is more acute physical, to prevent the accumulated oil layer over the light and oxygen, consider the emergence of eco toxicological effects in the medium to long term. These can be derived from the presence of toxic substances in the oil or the appearance of degradation substances they may be more dangerous.

The main effects of PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) on human health are focused on their genotoxic properties; damage to genetic material can generate mutated gene effects and promote tumor development
(Carcinogenesis). In fact, epidemiological studies performed after the Prestige accident as confirmed these effects on human health.

Routes of exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons are three: respiratory, skin and digestive tract. During the cleanup are the respiratory system and skin. Among the immediate effects that can cause inhalation of vapors arising from this fuel are lung damage and transient depression of the central nervous system. Through the skin, although the immediate effects are extremely serious, can cause irritation, dermatitis, etc.

Wildlife suffers toxic effects from similar exposures. Inhalation of gases given off when the oil is volatilizing, by ingestion, by contaminating the food chain, and dermal contact. The vapors can damage arising central nervous system of animals, liver and lungs. They can cause very serious effects on the respiratory system and skin. Through ingestion of oil, may lose the ability to eat or digest cellular damage in the intestinal tract. Some studies even show that, in the long term, reproductive disorders can occur.

Consequently, oil pollution has a direct impact on fishing and shellfishing, and therefore, the economy and food security.

Heavy metal contamination and particles is also very characteristic of the industrial areas where there is oil processed. Emissions of PM10 (small solid or liquid particles of dust, ash, soot, metal particles, cement or pollen, dispersed in the atmosphere, and whose diameter varies between 2.5 and 10 microns) decrease and increase air quality conditions respiratory.

World Population Growth

Millions of Inhabitants

Population growth is a necessary increase in demand for goods and services according to their margins, and therefore this growth has led to climate change, species extinction and national issues, regional and global environmental issues. The Amazon basin is part of the solution of the problem with its large production of oxygen (70-80%) and maintenance of rain.

Whereas in the year 1987 every person put more than 1.25 tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and developed countries in the following volumes:

Alternative Fuels

The use of alternative fuels, research reformulation of alcohols from coal or natural gas, ethanol from corn or other crops. Example the use of methanol reduces the pollution in the ozone layer.

Solar, geothermal, wind and hydropower whose development has been slow for the cheap cost of oil, but that will be competitive in the near future.

The middle environment and international relations

Industrialized countries know the great benefit that we are providing and the debt of poor countries, the poor development, raw materials prices under increasing cyclical exploitation of natural resources indiscriminately, we are emerging solutions for our people, which is thrown into the ordeal of colonization. It is the interest of rich and poor exercise environmental protection practices while rich countries should act in this regard without your words and actions are ambiguous.

For example, in case like New York Times for its Sunday edition in 1967, consumed 60 hectares of forest.
Awareness to prevent hazardous materials, pollutants and to achieve understandings in the use of pollutants.

The industry should cooperate voluntarily in this work using clean technology and benign.
The adoption of international codes to prevent and limit pollution, giving corrective and measuring results of the points made.
The creation of specialized institutions to reach agreement on this matter that will care for and protect the implementation of environmental objectives.

How to pay our debt and caring environment for life to continue in the world?

We observed and analyzed our financial situation - social and we can conclude that our economies are zero sum game, cyclical economies, which has not allowed us to advance, create and develop and worse to solve our internal problems and their consequences on regional poverty longed and prosperity for our peoples.

The celebration of the Earth Summit (1992), the last great gathering of more than 100 Heads of State, 1200 experts meeting in Brazil has had multiple effects, some positive some negative without a final solution of funding for environmental protection has arrived. The good news is international recognition that the basic problem exists, persists and becomes more painful every day, but we provide solutions.

The three problems facing the world today are: nuclear war, poverty of developing countries and environmental destruction.
It is necessary to leave the slope we slide and talk about the future is useful leads to action now.

Our call to conserve the Amazon is now a global solidarity and cooperation, a general effort to allow us to better development, based on human solidarity and justice to reach real peace, we want a frank and open dialogue that we mobilize a willingness to be arranged on each of the inhabitants of the countries that form the Amazon Basin to the world, it is not easy, it's a hard task but we have to start it in this century with valid solutions to our development.

Hopefully, the understanding of the rich countries and should be smart enough to help the poor from time to time because this is how they will become richer still international cooperation in the form of aid is more than the helping the poor in rich countries to rich and poor countries.

We are the producers of 70 and 80% of the oxygen in the world, receiving heat and noise of the world, oxygen is increasingly scarce, the price should be limited, therefore we must pay to continue production and we are producers, our external debt should be paid with the price of our product, oxygen.

Whose collections were made through a Central Bank or South American Amazon and will be invested in the prevention of environment, planting trees produce more oxygen and directed colonization and science that allows us to keep life as the prosperity can not be compared to the price of hunger of the needy.

We understand technical problems and solutions we provide to our willingness to serve the best causes.